Below is the text of the Sino-Pak Border agreement 1963 through which Pakistan illegally ceded 1/3rd of the territory of Jammu and Kashmir to China.
The Government of the People’s Republic of China and the Government of Pakistan;
HAVING agreed, with a view to ensuring the prevailing peace and tranquility
on the border, to formally delimit and demarcate the boundary between China’s
Sinking and the contiguous areas the defence of which is under the actual
control of Pakistan, in a spirit of fairness, reasonableness, mutual understanding
and mutual accommodation, and on the basis of the ten principles as enunciated
in the Bandung conference.
Being convinced that this would not only give full expression to the
desire of the people of China and Pakistan for the development of good
neighbourly and friendly relations, but also help safeguard Asian and world
peace.
Have resolved for this purpose to conclude the present agreement and
have appointed as their respective plenipotentiaries the following.
For the Government of the People’s Republic of China; Chen Yi, Minister
of Foreign Affairs.
For the Government of the Pakistan Zulfikar Bhutto, Minister of External
Affairs.
Who, having mutually examined their full powers and found them to be
in good and due form have agreed upon following:
In accordance with the principle expounded in Article 1 of the present
agreement, the two parties have fixed as follows the alignment of the entire
boundary line between China’s Sinkiang and the contiguous areas the defence
of which is under the actual control of Pakistan.
1) Commencing from its north western extremity at height 5,630 metres
(a peak the reference coordinates of which are approximately longitude
74 degrees 34 minutes east and latitude 37 degrees 3 minutes north), the
boundary line runs generally eastward and then South-eastward strictly
along the main watershed between the tributaries of the Tashkurgan river
of the Tarim river system on the one hand on the tributes of the Hunza
river of the Indus river system on the other hand, passing through the
Kilik Daban (Dawan), the Mintake Daban (pass), the Kharchanai Daban (named
on the Chinese map only), the Mutsgila Daban (named on the Chinese map
only) and the Parpik Pass (named on the Pakistan map only) and reaches
the Khunjerab (Yutr Daban (Pass).
2) After passing through the Kunjerab (Yutr) Daban (pass) the boundary
line runs generally southward along the above-mentioned main watershed
upto a mountain-top south of the Daban (pass), where it leaves the main
watershed to follow the crest of a spur lying generally in a south-easterly
direction, which is the watershed between the Akjilga river ( a nameless
corresponding river on the Pakistan map) on the one hand, and the Taghumbash
(Oprang) river and the Koliman Su (Orang Jilga) on the other hand. According
to the map of the Chinese side, the boundary line, after leaving the south-eastern
extremity of the spur, runs along a small section of the middle line of
the bed of the Koliman Su to reach its confluence with the Elechin river.
According to the map of the Pakistan side, the boundary line, after leaving
the south-eastern extremity of this spur, reaches the sharp bend of the
Shaksgam of Muztagh river.
3) From the aforesaid point, the boundary lines runs up the Kelechin
river (Shaksgam or Muztagh river) along the middle line of its bed its
confluence (reference coordinates approximately longitude 76 degrees 2
minutes east and latitude 36 degrees 26 minutes north) with the Shorbulak
Daria (Shimshal river or Braldu river).
4) From the confluence of the aforesaid two rivers, the boundary line,
according to the map of the Chinese side, ascends the crest of a spur and
runs along it to join the Karakoram range main watershed at a mountain-top
(reference coordinates approximately longitude 75 degrees 54 minutes east
and latitude 36 degrees 15 minutes north) which on this map is shown as
belonging to the Shorgulak mountain. According to the map of the Pakistan
side, the boundary line from the confluence of the above mentioned two
river ascends the crest of a corresponding spur and runs along it, passing
through height 6.520 meters (21,390 feet) till it joins the Karakoram range
main watershed at a peak (reference coordinates approximately longitude
75 degrees 57 minutes east and latitude 36 degrees 3 minutes north).
5) Thence, the boundary line, running generally south-ward and then
eastward strictly follows the Karakoram range main watershed which separates
the Tarim river
drainage system from the Indus river drainage system, passing through
the east Mustagh pass (Muztagh pass), the top of the Chogri peak (K-2)
the top of the broad peak, the top of the Gasherbrum mountain (8,068),
the Indirakoli pass (names of the Chinese maps only) and the top of the
Teramn Kankri peak, and reaches its south-eastern extremity at the Karakoram
pass. Then alignment of the entire boundary line as described in section
one of this article, has been drawn on the one million scale map of the
Pakistan side in English which are signed and attached to the present agreement.
In view of the fact that the maps of the two sides are not fully identical
in their representation of topographical features the two parties have
agreed that the actual features on the ground shall prevail, so far as
the location and alignment of the boundary described in section one is
concerned, and that they will be determined as far as possible by bgint
survey on the ground.
The two parties have agreed that:
i) Wherever the boundary follows a river, the middle line of the river
bed shall be the boundary line; and that
ii) Wherever the boundary passes through a deban (pass) the water-parting
line thereof shall be the boundary line.
One the two parties have agreed to set up, as soon as possible,
a joint boundary demarcation commission. Each side will appoint a chairman,
one or more members and a certain number of advisers and technical staff.
The joint boundary demarcation commission is charged with the responsibility
in accordance with the provisions of the present agreement, to hold concrete
discussions on and carry out the following tasks jointly.
1) To conduct necessary surveys of the boundary area on the ground,
as stated in Article 2 of the present agreement so as to set up boundary
markers at places considered to be appropriate by the two parties and to
delineate the boundary line of the jointly prepared accurate maps.
To draft a protocol setting forth in detail the alignment of the entire
boundary line and the location of all the boundary markers and prepare
and get printed detailed maps, to be attached to the protocol, with the
boundary line and the location of the boundary markers shown on them.
2) The aforesaid protocol, upon being signed by representatives of
the governments of the two countries, shall become an annex to the present
agreement, and the detailed maps shall replace the maps attached to the
present agreement.
3) Upon the conclusion of the above-mentioned protocol, the tasks of
the joint boundary demarcation commission shall be terminated.
The two parties have agreed that any dispute concerning the boundary
which may arise after the delimitation of boundary line actually existing
between the two countries shall be settled peacefully by the two parties
through friendly consultations.
The two parties have agreed that after the settlement of the Kashmir
dispute between Pakistan and India, the sovereign authority concerned will
reopen negotiations with the Government of the People’s Republic of China
on the boundary as described in Article. Two of the present agreement,
so as to sign a formal boundary treaty to replace the present agreement,
provided that in the event of the sovereign authority being Pakistan, the
provisions of the present agreement and of the aforesaid protocol shall
be maintained in the formal boundary treaty to be signed between the People’s
Republic of China and Pakistan.
The present agreement shall come into force on the data of its signature.
Done in duplicate in Peking on the second day of March 1963, in the
Chinese and English languages, both side being equally authentic